| /glibc-2.36/manual/ |
| D | probes.texi | 12 regard to them is that, if we find a need to remove or modify the
29 This probe is triggered after the main arena is extended by calling
30 @code{sbrk}. Argument @var{$arg1} is the additional size requested to
31 @code{sbrk}, and @var{$arg2} is the pointer that marks the end of the
36 This probe is triggered after the size of the main arena is decreased by
37 calling @code{sbrk}. Argument @var{$arg1} is the size released by
39 to @code{sbrk}), and @var{$arg2} is the pointer that marks the end of
44 This probe is triggered after a new heap is @code{mmap}ed. Argument
45 @var{$arg1} is a pointer to the base of the memory area, where the
46 @code{heap_info} data structure is held, and @var{$arg2} is the size of
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| D | ctype.texi | 6 character---is it alphabetic, is it a digit, is it whitespace, and so
42 For example, @code{isalpha} is the function to test for an alphabetic
44 nonzero integer if the character is alphabetic, and zero otherwise. You
49 printf ("The character `%c' is alphabetic.\n", c);
53 particular class of characters; each has a name starting with @samp{is}.
54 Each of them takes one argument, which is a character to test, and
55 returns an @code{int} which is treated as a boolean value. The
56 character argument is passed as an @code{int}, and it may be the
69 @c The is* macros call __ctype_b_loc to get the ctype array from the
74 @c locale data, is undeletable, so there's no thread-safety issue. We
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| D | sysinfo.texi | 27 program is running. First, let's review the various ways computer systems
28 are named, which is a little complicated because of the history of the
38 (DNS). In the DNS, every host name is composed of two parts:
51 You will note that ``hostname'' looks a lot like ``host name'', but is
55 In the DNS, the full host name is properly called the FQDN (Fully Qualified
60 its FQDN (which is its host name) is @samp{chicken.ai.mit.edu}.
63 Adding to the confusion, though, is that the DNS is not the only name space
64 in which a computer needs to be known. Another name space is the
65 NIS (aka YP) name space. For NIS purposes, there is another domain
66 name, which is called the NIS domain name or the YP domain name. It
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| D | search.texi | 33 Comparison}) does: negative if the first argument is ``less'' than the
35 is ``greater''.
37 Here is an example of a comparison function which works with an array of
52 comparison functions. This type is a GNU extension.
78 by @var{compar} is used to decide whether two elements match.
80 The return value is a pointer to the matching element in the array
81 starting at @var{base} if it is found. If no matching element is
82 available @code{NULL} is returned.
84 The mean runtime of this function is @code{*@var{nmemb}}/2. This
96 @c prevailing, and another uninitialized element), but this is just a
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| D | charset.texi | 41 A distinction we have to make right away is between internal and
44 External representations are used when text is stored or transmitted
54 One of the problems to overcome with the internal representation is
55 handling text that is externally encoded using different character
81 16-bit space is already in progress. A number of encodings have been
87 UCS-2 is a 16-bit word that can only represent characters
88 from the BMP, UCS-4 is a 32-bit word than can represent any Unicode
89 and @w{ISO 10646} character, UTF-8 is an ASCII compatible encoding where
91 by sequences of 2-6 non-ASCII bytes, and finally UTF-16 is an extension
95 To represent wide characters the @code{char} type is not suitable. For
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| D | terminal.texi | 13 descriptor is and how to open a file descriptor for a terminal device.
16 * Is It a Terminal:: How to determine if a file is a terminal
17 device, and what its name is.
38 descriptor is associated with a terminal by using the @code{isatty}
50 This function returns @code{1} if @var{filedes} is a file descriptor
54 If a file descriptor is associated with a terminal, you can get its
74 If the file descriptor @var{filedes} is associated with a terminal
77 the terminal file. The value is a null pointer if the file descriptor
95 The @code{ttyname_r} function is similar to the @code{ttyname} function
99 The normal return value from @code{ttyname_r} is @math{0}. Otherwise an
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| D | llio.texi | 11 Stream-level I/O is more flexible and usually more convenient;
78 declared in the header file @file{fcntl.h}, while @code{close} is
88 indicator for the file is at the beginning of the file. The argument
89 @var{mode} (@pxref{Permission Bits}) is used only when a file is
92 The @var{flags} argument controls how the file is to be opened. This is
97 The normal return value from @code{open} is a non-negative integer file
98 descriptor. In the case of an error, a value of @math{-1} is returned
105 The file exists but is not readable/writable as requested by the @var{flags}
106 argument, or the file does not exist and the directory is unwritable so
118 The @var{flags} argument specified write access, and the file is a directory.
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| D | stdio.texi | 11 Overview}, a stream is a fairly abstract, high-level concept
47 a stream is called @code{FILE} rather than ``stream''. Since most of
49 the term @dfn{file pointer} is also used to mean ``stream''. This leads
51 manual, however, is careful to use the terms ``file'' and ``stream''
56 The @code{FILE} type is declared in the header file @file{stdio.h}.
60 This is the data type used to represent stream objects. A @code{FILE}
71 deal only with pointers to these objects (that is, @code{FILE *} values)
80 When the @code{main} function of your program is invoked, it already has
90 The @dfn{standard input} stream, which is the normal source of input for the
97 The @dfn{standard output} stream, which is used for normal output from
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| D | filesys.texi | 16 * Working Directory:: This is used to resolve relative
39 working directory} or simply @dfn{working directory}, that is used in
42 When you log in and begin a new session, your working directory is
61 @c If buffer is NULL, this function calls malloc and realloc, and, in
63 @c GNU/Linux systems, but it may fail if the pathname is too long. As a
66 @c directory stream with malloc. If a fstatat64 syscall is not
73 @c malloc/realloc/free if buffer is NULL, or if dir is too deep
81 @var{buffer} that you provide. The @var{size} argument is how you tell
87 (@pxref{Unconstrained Allocation}). If the @var{size} is greater than
88 zero, then the buffer is that large; otherwise, the buffer is as large
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| D | message.texi | 6 task. One way to ease the user's task is to use messages in whatever
11 choose among the variants every time a message has to be printed. This is
12 certainly not a good solution since extending the set of languages is
16 A better solution is to keep the message sets for each language
21 message translation. The problem is that neither of the interfaces is
23 functions is defined in the X/Open standard but this is derived from
59 identifier is used.
64 message catalogs is always the same.
68 to find whatever catalog the user wants. This is separated from what
114 @var{cat_name} and loads it when found. The return value is of an
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| D | resource.texi | 44 The return value of @code{getrusage} is zero for success, and @code{-1}
49 The argument @var{processes} is not valid.
53 One way of getting resource usage for a particular child process is with
70 The maximum resident set size used, in kilobytes. That is, the maximum
80 An integral value expressed the same way, which is the amount of
84 An integral value expressed the same way, which is the amount of
141 The current limit is the value the system will not allow usage to
142 exceed. It is also called the ``soft limit'' because the process being
148 The maximum limit is the maximum value to which a process is allowed to
149 set its current limit. It is also called the ``hard limit'' because
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| D | nss.texi | 15 @Theglibc{} contains a cleaner solution to this problem. It is
20 Though the interface might be similar to Sun's version there is no
22 so the internal interface is incompatible. This also manifests in the
27 * NSS Basics:: What is this NSS good for.
36 The basic idea is to put the implementation of the different services
46 The C library image is smaller.
50 below. For getting the implementation of a new service right it is
118 this reason there is the file @file{/etc/nsswitch.conf}. For each
126 The first column is the database as you can guess from the table above.
163 this service is implemented in a module called @file{libnss_@var{name}}.
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| D | startup.texi | 26 Writing the program is what this manual is all about. This chapter
30 system, and telling the system the program is done.
56 is up to you to write a function named @code{main}---otherwise, you
72 program can look at its command line arguments is via the arguments of
76 The value of the @var{argc} argument is the number of command line
77 arguments. The @var{argv} argument is a vector of C strings; its
79 name of the program being run is also included in the vector as the
82 is this null pointer.
84 For the command @samp{cat foo bar}, @var{argc} is 3 and @var{argv} has
94 @var{envp} gives the program's environment; it is the same as the value
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| D | tunables.texi | 10 modified in different ways. The current default method to do this is via
25 It is possible to implement multiple `frontends' for the tunables allowing
87 A tunable name is split into three components, a top namespace, a tunable
89 @theglibc{} is @code{glibc}. Distributions that choose to add custom tunables
93 The tunable namespace is a logical grouping of tunables in a single
97 The tunable name is the actual name of the tunable. It is possible that
115 This tunable supersedes the @env{MALLOC_CHECK_} environment variable and is
121 efficient) memory allocator for the @code{malloc} family of functions that is
131 is disabled by default for SUID and SGID binaries. This can be enabled again
137 This tunable supersedes the @env{MALLOC_TOP_PAD_} environment variable and is
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| D | time.texi | 6 including functions for determining what time it is and conversion
27 use the simple word ``time'' for is to talk about the abstract concept.
29 A @dfn{calendar time} is a point in the time continuum, for example
30 November 4, 1990, at 18:02.5 UTC. Sometimes this is called ``absolute
34 We don't speak of a ``date'', because that is inherent in a calendar
38 An @dfn{interval} is a contiguous part of the time continuum between two
43 An @dfn{elapsed time} is the length of an interval, for example, 35
49 An @dfn{amount of time} is a sum of elapsed times, which need not be of
52 sittings it is read.
54 A @dfn{period} is the elapsed time of an interval between two events,
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| D | string.texi | 49 This section is a quick summary of string concepts for beginning C
55 A @dfn{string} is a null-terminated array of bytes of type @code{char},
69 A @dfn{multibyte character} is a sequence of one or more bytes that
72 string} is a string that consists entirely of multibyte
73 characters. In contrast, a @dfn{wide string} is a null-terminated
74 sequence of @code{wchar_t} objects. A wide-string variable is usually
87 A null byte is quite different conceptually from a null pointer,
93 initial double-quote character is immediately preceded by a capital
94 @samp{L} (ell) character (as in @code{L"foo"}), it is a wide string
96 concatenation}: @code{"a" "b"} is the same as @code{"ab"}.
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| D | signal.texi | 6 A @dfn{signal} is a software interrupt delivered to a process. The
31 particular signal is delivered.
48 happens after a signal is delivered, and how programs can handle
73 terminate it with @kbd{C-c}. Whatever key sequence is used, the
110 fact, most do not. For example, opening a nonexistent file is an error,
123 @code{kill} whose purpose is specifically to generate a signal.
126 synchronous signal pertains to a specific action in the program, and is
139 A given type of signal is either typically synchronous or typically
151 When a signal is generated, it becomes @dfn{pending}. Normally it
152 remains pending for just a short period of time and then is
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| D | locale.texi | 80 is to use @code{strcoll} or @code{strxfrm} to compare strings.
85 output in the user's favorite language is to program this more or less
96 The simplest way for the user to choose a locale is to set the
116 currency formatting. This might make sense if the user is a
132 independently. Here is a table of categories; each name is both an
175 This is not a category; it is only a macro that you can use
182 If this environment variable is defined, its value specifies the locale
188 functionality provided by the variables above is not sufficient. For
192 to specify that the first choice of language is Swedish, the second
193 German, and if this also fails to use English. This is
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| D | creature.texi | 6 is controlled by which @dfn{feature test macros} you define.
17 is best to make them the very first thing in the file, preceded only by
26 is not mere pedantry --- it has been a problem in practice. For instance,
32 standard. It is insufficient for this purpose, as it will not protect you
39 standard (IEEE Standard 1003.1) is available, as well as all of the
42 The state of @code{_POSIX_SOURCE} is irrelevant if you define the
49 functionality is made available. The greater the value of this macro,
50 the more functionality is made available.
54 (IEEE Standard 1003.1-1990) is made available.
58 (IEEE Standard 1003.2-1992) is made available.
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| D | process.texi | 28 need more control over the details of how this is done, you can use the
49 The easy way to run another program is to use the @code{system}
95 programs to execute. The return value is @code{-1} if it wasn't
96 possible to create the shell process, and otherwise is the status of the
100 If the @var{command} argument is a null pointer, a return value of zero
101 indicates that no command processor is available.
103 This function is a cancellation point in multi-threaded programs. This
104 is a problem if the thread allocates some resources (like memory, file
105 descriptors, semaphores or whatever) at the time @code{system} is
112 The @code{system} function is declared in the header file
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| D | lang.texi | 40 Once you think your program is debugged, you can disable the error
45 But disabling these consistency checks is undesirable unless they make
47 checking is good no matter who is running the program. A wise user
55 Verify the programmer's belief that @var{expression} is nonzero at
58 If @code{NDEBUG} is not defined, @code{assert} tests the value of
59 @var{expression}. If it is false (zero), @code{assert} aborts the
72 the function which calls @code{assert} is taken from the built-in
76 If the preprocessor macro @code{NDEBUG} is defined before
77 @file{assert.h} is included, the @code{assert} macro is defined to do
80 @strong{Warning:} Even the argument expression @var{expression} is not
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| /glibc-2.36/misc/bits/ |
| D | stab.def | 3 This file is part of the GNU C Library.
5 The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
10 The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
21 /* Global variable. Only the name is significant.
25 /* Function name for BSD Fortran. Only the name is significant.
29 /* Function name or text-segment variable for C. Value is its address.
30 Desc is supposedly starting line number, but GCC doesn't set it
34 /* Data-segment variable with internal linkage. Value is its address.
38 /* BSS-segment variable with internal linkage. Value is its address. */
41 /* Name of main routine. Only the name is significant.
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| /glibc-2.36/elf/ |
| D | rtld-debugger-interface.txt | 5 to interface with it. This structure, r_debug, is defined in link.h.
20 is not currently being modified and may safely be inspected. RT_ADD
21 means that an object is being added to r_map, and that the list is
23 object is being removed from the list.
26 The address of a function internal to the run-time linker which is
27 called whenever r_state is changed. The debugger should set a
30 This protocol is widely supported, but somewhat limited in that it
33 debugger is notified that a new object has been added, for instance,
34 but there is no way for the debugger to discover whether any of the
41 The r_debug_extended structure is an extension of the r_debug interface.
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| /glibc-2.36/mach/ |
| D | err_kern.sub | 7 * documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
84 "(os/device) device is shut down",
100 "(os/unix) argument list is too long",
113 "(os/unix) object is not a directory",
114 "(os/unix) object is a directory",
118 "(os/unix) object is not a tty-like device",
119 "(os/unix) executable object is in use",
120 "(os/unix) file is too large",
121 "(os/unix) no space is left on device",
126 "(os/unix) argument is too large",
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| /glibc-2.36/iconvdata/testdata/ |
| D | suntzus | 13 [This is the basic text of Sun Tzu on the Art of War. It was
17 This is being released only as an adjunct to that work, which
26 1. Sun Tzu said: The art of war is of vital importance
29 2. It is a matter of life and death, a road either
30 to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of inquiry
33 3. The art of war, then, is governed by five constant
68 13. (1) Which of the two sovereigns is imbued
73 (4) On which side is discipline most rigorously enforced?
74 (5) Which army is stronger?
76 (7) In which army is there the greater constancy
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