1 /*
2 * Copyright (C) 2009 Francisco Jerez.
3 * All Rights Reserved.
4 *
5 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
6 * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
7 * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
8 * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
9 * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
10 * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
11 * the following conditions:
12 *
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the
14 * next paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial
15 * portions of the Software.
16 *
17 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
18 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
19 * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
20 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER(S) AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE
21 * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
22 * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
23 * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
24 *
25 */
26
27 #include "ch7006_priv.h"
28
29 char *ch7006_tv_norm_names[] = {
30 [TV_NORM_PAL] = "PAL",
31 [TV_NORM_PAL_M] = "PAL-M",
32 [TV_NORM_PAL_N] = "PAL-N",
33 [TV_NORM_PAL_NC] = "PAL-Nc",
34 [TV_NORM_PAL_60] = "PAL-60",
35 [TV_NORM_NTSC_M] = "NTSC-M",
36 [TV_NORM_NTSC_J] = "NTSC-J",
37 };
38
39 #define NTSC_LIKE_TIMINGS .vrefresh = 60 * fixed1/1.001, \
40 .vdisplay = 480, \
41 .vtotal = 525, \
42 .hvirtual = 660
43
44 #define PAL_LIKE_TIMINGS .vrefresh = 50 * fixed1, \
45 .vdisplay = 576, \
46 .vtotal = 625, \
47 .hvirtual = 810
48
49 struct ch7006_tv_norm_info ch7006_tv_norms[] = {
50 [TV_NORM_NTSC_M] = {
51 NTSC_LIKE_TIMINGS,
52 .black_level = 0.339 * fixed1,
53 .subc_freq = 3579545 * fixed1,
54 .dispmode = bitfs(CH7006_DISPMODE_OUTPUT_STD, NTSC),
55 .voffset = 0,
56 },
57 [TV_NORM_NTSC_J] = {
58 NTSC_LIKE_TIMINGS,
59 .black_level = 0.286 * fixed1,
60 .subc_freq = 3579545 * fixed1,
61 .dispmode = bitfs(CH7006_DISPMODE_OUTPUT_STD, NTSC_J),
62 .voffset = 0,
63 },
64 [TV_NORM_PAL] = {
65 PAL_LIKE_TIMINGS,
66 .black_level = 0.3 * fixed1,
67 .subc_freq = 4433618.75 * fixed1,
68 .dispmode = bitfs(CH7006_DISPMODE_OUTPUT_STD, PAL),
69 .voffset = 0,
70 },
71 [TV_NORM_PAL_M] = {
72 NTSC_LIKE_TIMINGS,
73 .black_level = 0.339 * fixed1,
74 .subc_freq = 3575611.433 * fixed1,
75 .dispmode = bitfs(CH7006_DISPMODE_OUTPUT_STD, PAL_M),
76 .voffset = 16,
77 },
78
79 /* The following modes seem to work right but they're
80 * undocumented */
81
82 [TV_NORM_PAL_N] = {
83 PAL_LIKE_TIMINGS,
84 .black_level = 0.339 * fixed1,
85 .subc_freq = 4433618.75 * fixed1,
86 .dispmode = bitfs(CH7006_DISPMODE_OUTPUT_STD, PAL),
87 .voffset = 0,
88 },
89 [TV_NORM_PAL_NC] = {
90 PAL_LIKE_TIMINGS,
91 .black_level = 0.3 * fixed1,
92 .subc_freq = 3582056.25 * fixed1,
93 .dispmode = bitfs(CH7006_DISPMODE_OUTPUT_STD, PAL),
94 .voffset = 0,
95 },
96 [TV_NORM_PAL_60] = {
97 NTSC_LIKE_TIMINGS,
98 .black_level = 0.3 * fixed1,
99 .subc_freq = 4433618.75 * fixed1,
100 .dispmode = bitfs(CH7006_DISPMODE_OUTPUT_STD, PAL_M),
101 .voffset = 16,
102 },
103 };
104
105 #define __MODE(f, hd, vd, ht, vt, hsynp, vsynp, \
106 subc, scale, scale_mask, norm_mask, e_hd, e_vd) { \
107 .mode = { \
108 .name = #hd "x" #vd, \
109 .status = 0, \
110 .type = DRM_MODE_TYPE_DRIVER, \
111 .clock = f, \
112 .hdisplay = hd, \
113 .hsync_start = e_hd + 16, \
114 .hsync_end = e_hd + 80, \
115 .htotal = ht, \
116 .hskew = 0, \
117 .vdisplay = vd, \
118 .vsync_start = vd + 10, \
119 .vsync_end = vd + 26, \
120 .vtotal = vt, \
121 .vscan = 0, \
122 .flags = DRM_MODE_FLAG_##hsynp##HSYNC | \
123 DRM_MODE_FLAG_##vsynp##VSYNC, \
124 .vrefresh = 0, \
125 }, \
126 .enc_hdisp = e_hd, \
127 .enc_vdisp = e_vd, \
128 .subc_coeff = subc * fixed1, \
129 .dispmode = bitfs(CH7006_DISPMODE_SCALING_RATIO, scale) | \
130 bitfs(CH7006_DISPMODE_INPUT_RES, e_hd##x##e_vd), \
131 .valid_scales = scale_mask, \
132 .valid_norms = norm_mask \
133 }
134
135 #define MODE(f, hd, vd, ht, vt, hsynp, vsynp, \
136 subc, scale, scale_mask, norm_mask) \
137 __MODE(f, hd, vd, ht, vt, hsynp, vsynp, subc, scale, \
138 scale_mask, norm_mask, hd, vd)
139
140 #define NTSC_LIKE (1 << TV_NORM_NTSC_M | 1 << TV_NORM_NTSC_J | \
141 1 << TV_NORM_PAL_M | 1 << TV_NORM_PAL_60)
142
143 #define PAL_LIKE (1 << TV_NORM_PAL | 1 << TV_NORM_PAL_N | 1 << TV_NORM_PAL_NC)
144
145 struct ch7006_mode ch7006_modes[] = {
146 MODE(21000, 512, 384, 840, 500, N, N, 181.797557582, 5_4, 0x6, PAL_LIKE),
147 MODE(26250, 512, 384, 840, 625, N, N, 145.438046066, 1_1, 0x1, PAL_LIKE),
148 MODE(20140, 512, 384, 800, 420, N, N, 213.257083791, 5_4, 0x4, NTSC_LIKE),
149 MODE(24671, 512, 384, 784, 525, N, N, 174.0874153, 1_1, 0x3, NTSC_LIKE),
150 MODE(28125, 720, 400, 1125, 500, N, N, 135.742176298, 5_4, 0x6, PAL_LIKE),
151 MODE(34875, 720, 400, 1116, 625, N, N, 109.469496898, 1_1, 0x1, PAL_LIKE),
152 MODE(23790, 720, 400, 945, 420, N, N, 160.475642016, 5_4, 0x4, NTSC_LIKE),
153 MODE(29455, 720, 400, 936, 525, N, N, 129.614941843, 1_1, 0x3, NTSC_LIKE),
154 MODE(25000, 640, 400, 1000, 500, N, N, 152.709948279, 5_4, 0x6, PAL_LIKE),
155 MODE(31500, 640, 400, 1008, 625, N, N, 121.198371646, 1_1, 0x1, PAL_LIKE),
156 MODE(21147, 640, 400, 840, 420, N, N, 180.535097338, 5_4, 0x4, NTSC_LIKE),
157 MODE(26434, 640, 400, 840, 525, N, N, 144.42807787, 1_1, 0x2, NTSC_LIKE),
158 MODE(30210, 640, 400, 840, 600, N, N, 126.374568276, 7_8, 0x1, NTSC_LIKE),
159 MODE(21000, 640, 480, 840, 500, N, N, 181.797557582, 5_4, 0x4, PAL_LIKE),
160 MODE(26250, 640, 480, 840, 625, N, N, 145.438046066, 1_1, 0x2, PAL_LIKE),
161 MODE(31500, 640, 480, 840, 750, N, N, 121.198371646, 5_6, 0x1, PAL_LIKE),
162 MODE(24671, 640, 480, 784, 525, N, N, 174.0874153, 1_1, 0x4, NTSC_LIKE),
163 MODE(28196, 640, 480, 784, 600, N, N, 152.326488422, 7_8, 0x2, NTSC_LIKE),
164 MODE(30210, 640, 480, 800, 630, N, N, 142.171389101, 5_6, 0x1, NTSC_LIKE),
165 __MODE(29500, 720, 576, 944, 625, P, P, 145.592111636, 1_1, 0x7, PAL_LIKE, 800, 600),
166 MODE(36000, 800, 600, 960, 750, P, P, 119.304647022, 5_6, 0x6, PAL_LIKE),
167 MODE(39000, 800, 600, 936, 836, P, P, 110.127366499, 3_4, 0x1, PAL_LIKE),
168 MODE(39273, 800, 600, 1040, 630, P, P, 145.816809399, 5_6, 0x4, NTSC_LIKE),
169 MODE(43636, 800, 600, 1040, 700, P, P, 131.235128487, 3_4, 0x2, NTSC_LIKE),
170 MODE(47832, 800, 600, 1064, 750, P, P, 119.723275165, 7_10, 0x1, NTSC_LIKE),
171 {}
172 };
173
ch7006_lookup_mode(struct drm_encoder * encoder,struct drm_display_mode * drm_mode)174 struct ch7006_mode *ch7006_lookup_mode(struct drm_encoder *encoder,
175 struct drm_display_mode *drm_mode)
176 {
177 struct ch7006_priv *priv = to_ch7006_priv(encoder);
178 struct ch7006_mode *mode;
179
180 for (mode = ch7006_modes; mode->mode.clock; mode++) {
181
182 if (~mode->valid_norms & 1<<priv->norm)
183 continue;
184
185 if (mode->mode.hdisplay != drm_mode->hdisplay ||
186 mode->mode.vdisplay != drm_mode->vdisplay ||
187 mode->mode.vtotal != drm_mode->vtotal ||
188 mode->mode.htotal != drm_mode->htotal ||
189 mode->mode.clock != drm_mode->clock)
190 continue;
191
192 return mode;
193 }
194
195 return NULL;
196 }
197
198 /* Some common HW state calculation code */
199
ch7006_setup_levels(struct drm_encoder * encoder)200 void ch7006_setup_levels(struct drm_encoder *encoder)
201 {
202 struct i2c_client *client = drm_i2c_encoder_get_client(encoder);
203 struct ch7006_priv *priv = to_ch7006_priv(encoder);
204 uint8_t *regs = priv->state.regs;
205 struct ch7006_tv_norm_info *norm = &ch7006_tv_norms[priv->norm];
206 int gain;
207 int black_level;
208
209 /* Set DAC_GAIN if the voltage drop between white and black is
210 * high enough. */
211 if (norm->black_level < 339*fixed1/1000) {
212 gain = 76;
213
214 regs[CH7006_INPUT_FORMAT] |= CH7006_INPUT_FORMAT_DAC_GAIN;
215 } else {
216 gain = 71;
217
218 regs[CH7006_INPUT_FORMAT] &= ~CH7006_INPUT_FORMAT_DAC_GAIN;
219 }
220
221 black_level = round_fixed(norm->black_level*26625)/gain;
222
223 /* Correct it with the specified brightness. */
224 black_level = interpolate(90, black_level, 208, priv->brightness);
225
226 regs[CH7006_BLACK_LEVEL] = bitf(CH7006_BLACK_LEVEL_0, black_level);
227
228 ch7006_dbg(client, "black level: %d\n", black_level);
229 }
230
ch7006_setup_subcarrier(struct drm_encoder * encoder)231 void ch7006_setup_subcarrier(struct drm_encoder *encoder)
232 {
233 struct i2c_client *client = drm_i2c_encoder_get_client(encoder);
234 struct ch7006_priv *priv = to_ch7006_priv(encoder);
235 struct ch7006_state *state = &priv->state;
236 struct ch7006_tv_norm_info *norm = &ch7006_tv_norms[priv->norm];
237 struct ch7006_mode *mode = priv->mode;
238 uint32_t subc_inc;
239
240 subc_inc = round_fixed((mode->subc_coeff >> 8)
241 * (norm->subc_freq >> 24));
242
243 setbitf(state, CH7006_SUBC_INC0, 28, subc_inc);
244 setbitf(state, CH7006_SUBC_INC1, 24, subc_inc);
245 setbitf(state, CH7006_SUBC_INC2, 20, subc_inc);
246 setbitf(state, CH7006_SUBC_INC3, 16, subc_inc);
247 setbitf(state, CH7006_SUBC_INC4, 12, subc_inc);
248 setbitf(state, CH7006_SUBC_INC5, 8, subc_inc);
249 setbitf(state, CH7006_SUBC_INC6, 4, subc_inc);
250 setbitf(state, CH7006_SUBC_INC7, 0, subc_inc);
251
252 ch7006_dbg(client, "subcarrier inc: %u\n", subc_inc);
253 }
254
ch7006_setup_pll(struct drm_encoder * encoder)255 void ch7006_setup_pll(struct drm_encoder *encoder)
256 {
257 struct i2c_client *client = drm_i2c_encoder_get_client(encoder);
258 struct ch7006_priv *priv = to_ch7006_priv(encoder);
259 uint8_t *regs = priv->state.regs;
260 struct ch7006_mode *mode = priv->mode;
261 int n, best_n = 0;
262 int m, best_m = 0;
263 int freq, best_freq = 0;
264
265 for (n = 0; n < CH7006_MAXN; n++) {
266 for (m = 0; m < CH7006_MAXM; m++) {
267 freq = CH7006_FREQ0*(n+2)/(m+2);
268
269 if (abs(freq - mode->mode.clock) <
270 abs(best_freq - mode->mode.clock)) {
271 best_freq = freq;
272 best_n = n;
273 best_m = m;
274 }
275 }
276 }
277
278 regs[CH7006_PLLOV] = bitf(CH7006_PLLOV_N_8, best_n) |
279 bitf(CH7006_PLLOV_M_8, best_m);
280
281 regs[CH7006_PLLM] = bitf(CH7006_PLLM_0, best_m);
282 regs[CH7006_PLLN] = bitf(CH7006_PLLN_0, best_n);
283
284 if (best_n < 108)
285 regs[CH7006_PLL_CONTROL] |= CH7006_PLL_CONTROL_CAPACITOR;
286 else
287 regs[CH7006_PLL_CONTROL] &= ~CH7006_PLL_CONTROL_CAPACITOR;
288
289 ch7006_dbg(client, "n=%d m=%d f=%d c=%d\n",
290 best_n, best_m, best_freq, best_n < 108);
291 }
292
ch7006_setup_power_state(struct drm_encoder * encoder)293 void ch7006_setup_power_state(struct drm_encoder *encoder)
294 {
295 struct ch7006_priv *priv = to_ch7006_priv(encoder);
296 uint8_t *power = &priv->state.regs[CH7006_POWER];
297 int subconnector;
298
299 subconnector = priv->select_subconnector ? priv->select_subconnector :
300 priv->subconnector;
301
302 *power = CH7006_POWER_RESET;
303
304 if (priv->last_dpms == DRM_MODE_DPMS_ON) {
305 switch (subconnector) {
306 case DRM_MODE_SUBCONNECTOR_SVIDEO:
307 *power |= bitfs(CH7006_POWER_LEVEL, CVBS_OFF);
308 break;
309 case DRM_MODE_SUBCONNECTOR_Composite:
310 *power |= bitfs(CH7006_POWER_LEVEL, SVIDEO_OFF);
311 break;
312 case DRM_MODE_SUBCONNECTOR_SCART:
313 *power |= bitfs(CH7006_POWER_LEVEL, NORMAL) |
314 CH7006_POWER_SCART;
315 break;
316 }
317
318 } else {
319 if (priv->chip_version >= 0x20)
320 *power |= bitfs(CH7006_POWER_LEVEL, FULL_POWER_OFF);
321 else
322 *power |= bitfs(CH7006_POWER_LEVEL, POWER_OFF);
323 }
324 }
325
ch7006_setup_properties(struct drm_encoder * encoder)326 void ch7006_setup_properties(struct drm_encoder *encoder)
327 {
328 struct i2c_client *client = drm_i2c_encoder_get_client(encoder);
329 struct ch7006_priv *priv = to_ch7006_priv(encoder);
330 struct ch7006_state *state = &priv->state;
331 struct ch7006_tv_norm_info *norm = &ch7006_tv_norms[priv->norm];
332 struct ch7006_mode *ch_mode = priv->mode;
333 struct drm_display_mode *mode = &ch_mode->mode;
334 uint8_t *regs = state->regs;
335 int flicker, contrast, hpos, vpos;
336 uint64_t scale, aspect;
337
338 flicker = interpolate(0, 2, 3, priv->flicker);
339 regs[CH7006_FFILTER] = bitf(CH7006_FFILTER_TEXT, flicker) |
340 bitf(CH7006_FFILTER_LUMA, flicker) |
341 bitf(CH7006_FFILTER_CHROMA, 1);
342
343 contrast = interpolate(0, 5, 7, priv->contrast);
344 regs[CH7006_CONTRAST] = bitf(CH7006_CONTRAST_0, contrast);
345
346 scale = norm->vtotal*fixed1;
347 do_div(scale, mode->vtotal);
348
349 aspect = ch_mode->enc_hdisp*fixed1;
350 do_div(aspect, ch_mode->enc_vdisp);
351
352 hpos = round_fixed((norm->hvirtual * aspect - mode->hdisplay * scale)
353 * priv->hmargin * mode->vtotal) / norm->vtotal / 100 / 4;
354
355 setbitf(state, CH7006_POV, HPOS_8, hpos);
356 setbitf(state, CH7006_HPOS, 0, hpos);
357
358 vpos = max(0, norm->vdisplay - round_fixed(mode->vdisplay*scale)
359 + norm->voffset) * priv->vmargin / 100 / 2;
360
361 setbitf(state, CH7006_POV, VPOS_8, vpos);
362 setbitf(state, CH7006_VPOS, 0, vpos);
363
364 ch7006_dbg(client, "hpos: %d, vpos: %d\n", hpos, vpos);
365 }
366
367 /* HW access functions */
368
ch7006_write(struct i2c_client * client,uint8_t addr,uint8_t val)369 void ch7006_write(struct i2c_client *client, uint8_t addr, uint8_t val)
370 {
371 uint8_t buf[] = {addr, val};
372 int ret;
373
374 ret = i2c_master_send(client, buf, ARRAY_SIZE(buf));
375 if (ret < 0)
376 ch7006_err(client, "Error %d writing to subaddress 0x%x\n",
377 ret, addr);
378 }
379
ch7006_read(struct i2c_client * client,uint8_t addr)380 uint8_t ch7006_read(struct i2c_client *client, uint8_t addr)
381 {
382 uint8_t val;
383 int ret;
384
385 ret = i2c_master_send(client, &addr, sizeof(addr));
386 if (ret < 0)
387 goto fail;
388
389 ret = i2c_master_recv(client, &val, sizeof(val));
390 if (ret < 0)
391 goto fail;
392
393 return val;
394
395 fail:
396 ch7006_err(client, "Error %d reading from subaddress 0x%x\n",
397 ret, addr);
398 return 0;
399 }
400
ch7006_state_load(struct i2c_client * client,struct ch7006_state * state)401 void ch7006_state_load(struct i2c_client *client,
402 struct ch7006_state *state)
403 {
404 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_POWER);
405
406 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_DISPMODE);
407 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_FFILTER);
408 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_BWIDTH);
409 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_INPUT_FORMAT);
410 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_CLKMODE);
411 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_START_ACTIVE);
412 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_POV);
413 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_BLACK_LEVEL);
414 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_HPOS);
415 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_VPOS);
416 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_INPUT_SYNC);
417 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_DETECT);
418 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_CONTRAST);
419 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_PLLOV);
420 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_PLLM);
421 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_PLLN);
422 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_BCLKOUT);
423 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_SUBC_INC0);
424 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_SUBC_INC1);
425 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_SUBC_INC2);
426 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_SUBC_INC3);
427 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_SUBC_INC4);
428 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_SUBC_INC5);
429 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_SUBC_INC6);
430 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_SUBC_INC7);
431 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_PLL_CONTROL);
432 ch7006_load_reg(client, state, CH7006_CALC_SUBC_INC0);
433 }
434
ch7006_state_save(struct i2c_client * client,struct ch7006_state * state)435 void ch7006_state_save(struct i2c_client *client,
436 struct ch7006_state *state)
437 {
438 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_POWER);
439
440 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_DISPMODE);
441 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_FFILTER);
442 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_BWIDTH);
443 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_INPUT_FORMAT);
444 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_CLKMODE);
445 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_START_ACTIVE);
446 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_POV);
447 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_BLACK_LEVEL);
448 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_HPOS);
449 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_VPOS);
450 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_INPUT_SYNC);
451 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_DETECT);
452 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_CONTRAST);
453 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_PLLOV);
454 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_PLLM);
455 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_PLLN);
456 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_BCLKOUT);
457 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_SUBC_INC0);
458 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_SUBC_INC1);
459 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_SUBC_INC2);
460 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_SUBC_INC3);
461 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_SUBC_INC4);
462 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_SUBC_INC5);
463 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_SUBC_INC6);
464 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_SUBC_INC7);
465 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_PLL_CONTROL);
466 ch7006_save_reg(client, state, CH7006_CALC_SUBC_INC0);
467
468 state->regs[CH7006_FFILTER] = (state->regs[CH7006_FFILTER] & 0xf0) |
469 (state->regs[CH7006_FFILTER] & 0x0c) >> 2 |
470 (state->regs[CH7006_FFILTER] & 0x03) << 2;
471 }
472