1# <pre> 2# @(#)australasia 8.11 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file also includes Pacific islands. 7 8# Notes are at the end of this file 9 10############################################################################### 11 12# Australia 13 14# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 15 16# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 18Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 21Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 22Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 23Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 24# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 25# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 26# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 27 28# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 29# Northern Territory 30Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 31 9:00 - CST 1899 May 32 9:30 Aus CST 33# Western Australia 34# 35# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 37Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 38Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 39Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 40Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 41Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 42Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 43Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 44Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 45Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 46 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 47 8:00 AW WST 48Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 49 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 50 8:45 AW CWST 51 52# Queensland 53# 54# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 55# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 56# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 57# Queensland ceased to. 58# 59# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 60# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 61# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 62# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 63# so use Lindeman. 64# 65# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 66Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 67Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 68Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 69Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 70Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 71Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 72Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 73 10:00 Aus EST 1971 74 10:00 AQ EST 75Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 76 10:00 Aus EST 1971 77 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 78 10:00 Holiday EST 79 80# South Australia 81# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 82Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 83Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 84Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 85Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 86Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 87Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 88Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 89Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 90Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 92Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 93Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94Rule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 96Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 97Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 98# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 99Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 100 9:00 - CST 1899 May 101 9:30 Aus CST 1971 102 9:30 AS CST 103 104# Tasmania 105# 106# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 107# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 108# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 109# 110# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 111Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 112Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 113Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 114Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 115Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 116Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 117Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 118Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 119Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 120Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 121Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 122Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 123Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 124Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 125Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 126Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 127Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 128Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 129Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 130# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 131Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 132 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 133 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 134 10:00 Aus EST 1967 135 10:00 AT EST 136Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 137 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 138 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 139 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 140 10:00 AT EST 141 142# Victoria 143# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 144Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 145Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 146Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 147Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 148Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 149Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 150Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 151Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 152Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 153Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 154Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 155Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 156Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 157Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 158# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 159Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 160 10:00 Aus EST 1971 161 10:00 AV EST 162 163# New South Wales 164# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 165Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 166Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 167Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 168Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 169Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 170Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 171Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 172Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 173Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 174Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 175Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 176Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 177Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 179Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 180Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 181# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 182Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 183 10:00 Aus EST 1971 184 10:00 AN EST 185Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 186 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 187 9:00 - CST 1899 May 188 9:30 Aus CST 1971 189 9:30 AN CST 2000 190 9:30 AS CST 191 192# Lord Howe Island 193# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 194Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 195Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 196Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 197Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 198Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 199Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 200Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 201Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 202Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 203Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 204Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 205Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 206Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 207Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 208Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 209 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 210 10:30 LH LHST 211 212# Australian miscellany 213# 214# Ashmore Is, Cartier 215# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 216# no times are set 217# 218# Coral Sea Is 219# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 220# no times are set 221# 222# Macquarie 223# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 224# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 225# like Australia/Hobart 226 227# Christmas 228# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 229Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 230 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 231 232# Cook Is 233# From Shanks & Pottenger: 234# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 235Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 236Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 237Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 238# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 239Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 240 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 241 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 242 243# Cocos 244# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 245# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 246# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 247Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 248 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 249 250# Fiji 251# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 252Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 253Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 254# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 255Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 256 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 257 258# French Polynesia 259# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 260Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 261 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 262Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 263 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 264Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 265 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 266# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 267# it is uninhabited. 268 269# Guam 270# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 271Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 272 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 273 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 274 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 275 276# Kiribati 277# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 278Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 279 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 280Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 281 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 282 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 283 13:00 - PHOT 284Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 285 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 286 -10:00 - LINT 1995 287 14:00 - LINT 288 289# N Mariana Is 290# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 291Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 292 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 293 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 294 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 295 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 296 297# Marshall Is 298# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 299Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 300 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 301 12:00 - MHT 302Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 303 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 304 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 305 12:00 - MHT 306 307# Micronesia 308# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 309Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 310 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 311Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 312 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 313Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 314 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 315 12:00 - KOST 1999 316 11:00 - KOST 317 318# Nauru 319# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 320Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 321 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 322 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 323 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 324 12:00 - NRT 325 326# New Caledonia 327# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 328Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 329Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 330Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 331# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 332Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 333# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 334Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 335 11:00 NC NC%sT 336 337 338############################################################################### 339 340# New Zealand 341 342# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 343Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 344Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 345Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 346Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 347Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 348Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 349Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 350# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 351# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 352Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 353Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 354Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 355Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 356Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 357Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 358Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 359Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 360Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 361Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 362Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 363Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 364Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 365Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 366Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 367Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 368Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 369Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 370# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 371Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 372 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 373 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 374Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 375 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 376 377 378# Auckland Is 379# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 380# and scientific personnel have wintered 381 382# Campbell I 383# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 384# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 385# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 386# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 387 388############################################################################### 389 390 391# Niue 392# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 393Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 394 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 395 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 396 -11:00 - NUT 397 398# Norfolk 399# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 400Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 401 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 402 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 403 404# Palau (Belau) 405# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 406Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 407 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 408 409# Papua New Guinea 410# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 411Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 412 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 413 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 414 415# Pitcairn 416# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 417Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 418 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 419 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 420 421# American Samoa 422Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 423 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 424 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 425 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 426 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 427 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 428 429# Samoa 430Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 431 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 432 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 433 -11:00 - WST # Samoa Time 434 435# Solomon Is 436# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 437# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 438Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 439 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 440 441# Tokelau Is 442# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 443Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 444 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 445 446# Tonga 447# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 448Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 449Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 450Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 451Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 452# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 453Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 454 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 455 13:00 - TOT 1999 456 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 457 458# Tuvalu 459# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 460Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 461 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 462 463 464# US minor outlying islands 465 466# Howland, Baker 467# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 468# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 469# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 470# uninhabited thereafter. 471# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 472# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 473# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 474# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 475# until they were abandoned after the war. 476 477# Jarvis 478# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 479# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 480# uninhabited thereafter. 481# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 482 483# Johnston 484# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 485Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 486 487# Kingman 488# uninhabited 489 490# Midway 491# 492# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 493# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 494# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 495# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 496# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 497# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 498# designations that I've never seen before:.... 499# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 500# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 501# 502Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 503 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 504 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 505 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 506 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 507 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 508 509# Palmyra 510# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 511 512# Wake 513# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 514Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 515 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 516 517 518# Vanuatu 519# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 520Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 521Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 522Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 523Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 524Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 525Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 526# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 527Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 528 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 529 530# Wallis and Futuna 531# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 532Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 533 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 534 535############################################################################### 536 537# NOTES 538 539# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 540# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 541# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 542 543# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 544# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 545# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 546# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 547# 548# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 549# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 550# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 551# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 552# of the IATA's data after 1990. 553# 554# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 555# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 556# 557# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 558# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 559# I found in the UCLA library. 560# 561# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 562# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 563# 564# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 565# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 566# Corrections are welcome! 567# std dst 568# LMT Local Mean Time 569# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 570# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 571# 9:00 JST Japan 572# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 573# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 574# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 575# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 576# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 577# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 578# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 579# -11:00 SST Samoa 580# -10:00 HST Hawaii 581# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 582# 583# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 584# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 585 586############################################################################### 587 588# Australia 589 590# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 591# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 592# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 593# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 594 595# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 596# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 597# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 598# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 599 600# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 601# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 602# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 603# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 604# abbreviation does _not_ change... 605# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 606# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 607# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 608# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 609# time'. 610# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 611# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 612# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 613# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 614# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 615# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 616# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 617 618# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 619# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 620# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 621# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 622# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 623 624# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 625# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 626# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 627# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 628# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 629 630# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 631# versus "AEST" etc.: 632# 633# I see the following points of dispute: 634# 635# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 636# 637# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 638# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 639# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 640# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 641# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 642# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 643# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 644# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 645# 646# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 647# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 648# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 649# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 650# 651# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 652# 653# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 654# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 655# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 656# Time, for example. 657# 658# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 659# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 660# tiebreaker. 661# 662# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 663# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 664# the word "Australian"? 665# 666# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 667# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 668# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 669# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 670# following count of page hits: 671# 672# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 673# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 674# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 675# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 676# 677# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 678# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 679# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 680# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 681# 682# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 683# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 684# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 685# are the hit counts anyway: 686# 687# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 688# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 689# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 690# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 691# 692# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 693# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 694# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 695# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 696# 697# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 698# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 699# 700# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 701# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 702# the ambiguities involved. 703# 704# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 705# 706# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 707# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 708# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 709# understood in Australia. 710 711# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 712# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 713# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 714# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 715# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 716# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 717# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 718 719# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 720# 721# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 722# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 723# relevant entries in this database. 724# 725# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 726# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 727# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 728# </a> 729# ACT 730# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 731# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 732# </a> 733# SA 734# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 735# Standard Time Act, 1898 736# </a> 737 738# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 739# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 740# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 741# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 742# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 743# 744# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 745# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 746# to extend DST together in 2006. 747# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 748# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 749# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 750# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 751# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 752# allude to it. 753# But not Queensland 754# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 755 756# Northern Territory 757 758# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 759# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 760# # [ Nov 1990 ] 761# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 762# ... 763# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 764 765# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 766# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 767# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 768 769# Western Australia 770 771# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 772# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 773# # [ Nov 1990 ] 774# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 775# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 776# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 777# # before reaching parliament. 778# ... 779# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 780# ... 781# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 782# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 783# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 784# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 785 786# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 787# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 788# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 789 790# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 791# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 792# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 793# work at 9.00am.) 794# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 795# everybody again. 796 797# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 798# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 799# it matches what was used in the past. 800 801# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 802# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 803# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 804# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 805 806# Queensland 807# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 808# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 809# # [ Dec 1990 ] 810# ... 811# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 812# ... 813# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 814# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 815# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 816# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 817 818# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 819# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 820# October 1989). 821 822# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 823# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 824# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 825# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 826 827# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 828# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 829# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 830# me.) 831 832# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 833# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 834# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 835# ... 836# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 837# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 838# ... 839 840# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 841# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 842 843# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 844# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 845# WA are trialing DST for three years. 846# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 847 848# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 849# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 850# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 851# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 852# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 853# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 854# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 855# Australia and Western Australia.... 856# 857# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 858# This is confirmed by the section entitled 859# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 860# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 861# 862# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 863# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 864# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 865# coast of the continent. 866# 867# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 868# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 869# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 870# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 871# the largest population centre in this zone.... 872# 873# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 874# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 875# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 876# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 877# 878# (2006-12-09): 879# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 880# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 881# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 882# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 883 884# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 885# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 886# introduction of standard time in 1895. 887 888 889# southeast Australia 890# 891# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 892# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 893# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 894# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 895 896 897# South Australia 898 899# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 900# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 901# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 902# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 903 904# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 905# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 906# # [ Nov 1990 ] 907# ... 908# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 909# ... 910# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 911# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 912# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 913# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 914 915# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 916# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 917# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 918# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 919 920# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 921# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 922# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 923# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 924# is on... 925 926# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 927# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 928# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 929# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 930 931# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 932# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 933# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 934# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 935 936# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 937# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 938# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 939# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 940 941# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 942# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 943 944# Tasmania 945 946# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 947# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 948# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 949# # [ Nov 1990 ] 950 951# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 952# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 953# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 954# (but nothing new about that). 955 956# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 957# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 958# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 959# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 960# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 961# instead of the first Sunday in October. 962 963# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 964# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 965 966# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 967# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 968 969# Victoria 970 971# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 972# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 973# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 974# # [ Nov 1990 ] 975 976# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 977# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 978# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 979# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 980# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 981# in Melbourne, Australia. 982# 983# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 984# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 985# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 986# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 987# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 988# expected time. 989# 990# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 991# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 992# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 993# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 994# 995# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 996# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 997 998# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 999# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1000 1001# New South Wales 1002 1003# From Arthur David Olson: 1004# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1005# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1006# who notes: 1007# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1008# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1009# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1010# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1011# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1012# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1013 1014# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1015# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1016# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1017# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1018# Two months more daylight saving 1019# </a> 1020# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1021 1022# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1023# See the following official NSW source: 1024# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1025# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1026# </a> 1027# 1028# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1029# daylight saving next year. See: 1030# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1031# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1032# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1033# 1034# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1035# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1036# Vic to extend daylight saving 1037# </a> (1999-07-28). 1038# 1039# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1040# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1041# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1042# </a> (1999-07-19). 1043# 1044# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1045# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1046# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1047# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1048# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1049# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1050# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1051# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1052# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1053# 1054# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1055# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1056# Broken Hill to be behind the times 1057# </a> (1999-07-21). 1058 1059# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1060# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1061# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1062 1063# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1064# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1065# towns to use Queensland time. 1066 1067# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1068# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1069 1070# Yancowinna 1071 1072# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1073# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1074 1075# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1076# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1077# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1078# ... 1079# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1080# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1081# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1082# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1083# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1084# # presently available. 1085# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1086# ... 1087# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1088# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1089# [followed by other Rules] 1090 1091# Lord Howe Island 1092 1093# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1094# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1095# [ Dec 1990 ] 1096# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1097# hour ahead of NSW time. 1098 1099# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1100# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1101# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1102# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1103# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1104# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1105# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 1106# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1107# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1108# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1109 1110# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1111# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1112# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1113# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1114# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1115# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1116 1117# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1118# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1119# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1120 1121# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1122# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1123 1124# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1125# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1126# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1127# summer (southern hemisphere). 1128# 1129# From 1130# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1131# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1132# </a> 1133# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1134# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1135# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1136# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1137# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1138# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1139# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1140# 1141# We have a wrap-up here: 1142# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1143# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1144# </a> 1145############################################################################### 1146 1147# New Zealand 1148 1149# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1150# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1151# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1152# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1153# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1154 1155# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1156# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1157# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1158# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1159# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1160# ... 1161# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1162# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1163# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1164# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1165# ... 1166# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1167# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1168 1169# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1170# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1171# rather than the October 1 value. 1172 1173# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1174# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1175# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1176# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1177# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1178# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1179# 1180# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1181# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1182# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1183# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1184# 1185# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1186# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1187# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1188 1189# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1190# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1191# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1192# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1193# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1194 1195############################################################################### 1196 1197 1198# Fiji 1199 1200# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1201# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1202# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1203 1204# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1205# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1206# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1207# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1208 1209# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1210# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1211 1212# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1213# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1214# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1215# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1216# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1217# millenium. 1218 1219# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1220# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1221 1222# Johnston 1223 1224# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1225 1226 1227# Kiribati 1228 1229# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1230# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1231# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1232# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1233 1234 1235# Kwajalein 1236 1237# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1238# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1239# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1240# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1241# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1242 1243 1244# N Mariana Is, Guam 1245 1246# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1247# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1248# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1249# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1250# see Asia/Manila. 1251 1252# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1253# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1254# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1255# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1256 1257 1258# Micronesia 1259 1260# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1261# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1262# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1263# 1264# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1265# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1266 1267# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1268# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1269# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1270# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1271# </a> (1999-01-26) 1272# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1273# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1274 1275 1276# Midway 1277 1278# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1279# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1280# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1281# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1282# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1283# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1284# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1285# air at 6am your time. 1286# 1287# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1288# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1289# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1290# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1291 1292 1293# Pitcairn 1294 1295# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1296# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1297# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1298# 1299# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1300# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1301# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1302# 1303# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1304# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1305# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1306 1307# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1308# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1309# ... at midnight. 1310 1311# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1312# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1313# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1314# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1315 1316 1317# Samoa 1318 1319# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1320# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1321# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1322# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1323# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1324 1325 1326# Tonga 1327 1328# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1329# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1330# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1331# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1332 1333# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1334# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1335# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1336# </a>: 1337 1338# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1339# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1340# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1341# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1342# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1343# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1344# 1345# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1346# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1347# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1348# 1349# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1350# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1351# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1352# minutes we have lost?" 1353# 1354# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1355# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1356# to say your prayers in the morning." 1357 1358# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1359# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1360 1361# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1362# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1363# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1364# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1365# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1366# Government. 1367 1368# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1369# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1370# 1371# I was given this link by John Letts: 1372# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1373# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1374# </a> 1375# 1376# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1377# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1378# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1379# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1380 1381# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1382# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1383# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1384# </a>: 1385# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1386# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1387# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1388# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1389# set back an hour on the closing date." 1390# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1391 1392# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1393# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1394# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1395 1396# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1397# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1398# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1399# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1400# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1401# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1402# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1403 1404# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1405# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1406 1407# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1408# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1409# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1410# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1411# hour to 1:00am. 1412 1413# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1414# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1415 1416 1417# Wake 1418 1419# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1420# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1421# 1422# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1423# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1424# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1425# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1426# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1427# impossible. 1428# 1429# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1430 1431# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1432# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1433 1434############################################################################### 1435 1436# The International Date Line 1437 1438# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1439# 1440# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1441# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1442# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1443# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1444# 1445# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1446# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1447# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1448# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1449# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1450# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1451# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1452# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1453# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1454# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1455# correct date is ambiguous. 1456 1457# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1458# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1459# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1460# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1461# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1462# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1463# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1464# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1465# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1466# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1467# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1468# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1469# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1470 1471# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1472# (2005-03-20): 1473# 1474# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1475# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1476# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1477# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1478