1# <pre> 2# @(#)antarctica 8.5 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): 7# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see 8# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> 9# COMNAP - Stations and Bases 10# </a> 11# and 12# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> 13# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) 14# </a> 15# for information. 16# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 17# 18# Except for the French entries, 19# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! 20# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. 21 22# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 23# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 24Rule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 25Rule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 26Rule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 27Rule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 28Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 29Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 30Rule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 31Rule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 32Rule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 33 34# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 35# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 37Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 38Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 - 39Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 40Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 41Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 42Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 43Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 44Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 45Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 - 46Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 47Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S 48Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 49Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 - 50Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S 51Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 52Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 53Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - 54Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 55Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S 56Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 - 57Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 58Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 59 60 61# Argentina - year-round bases 62# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 63# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 64# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 65# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 66# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 67# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 68# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) 69 70# Australia - territories 71# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 72# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered 73# <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 74# Margaret Turner reports 75# </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; 76# presumably this is when they have visitors. 77# 78# year-round bases 79# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 80# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 81# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) 82# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 83# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 84Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969 85 8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time 86Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13 87 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time 88 0 - zzz 1969 Feb 89 7:00 - DAVT 90Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13 91 6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time 92# References: 93# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> 94# Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 95# </a> 96# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> 97# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 98# </a> 99# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> 100# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 101# </a> 102 103# Brazil - year-round base 104# Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4 105 106# Chile - year-round bases and towns 107# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 108# Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07 109# General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 110# Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941 111# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09 112# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'. 113 114# China - year-round bases 115# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20 116# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26 117 118# France - year-round bases 119# 120# From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20): 121# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 122# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 123# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 124# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 125# from Tasmania. 126# 127# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 128# 129# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 130# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 131# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 132# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 133# 134# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited 135# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 136# 137# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 138Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 139 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 140# 141# year-round base in the main continent 142# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 143# 144# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 145# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 146# 147# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 148Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947 149 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 150 0 - zzz 1956 Nov 151 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 152# Reference: 153# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station"> 154# Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05) 155# </a> 156 157# Germany - year-round base 158# Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815 159 160# India - year-round base 161# Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200 162 163# Japan - year-round bases 164# Dome Fuji, -7719+03942 165# Syowa, -690022+0393524 166# 167# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 168# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. 169# 170# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 171# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 172# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 173# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 174Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29 175 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time 176# See: 177# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> 178# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 179# </a> 180 181# S Korea - year-round base 182# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988 183 184# New Zealand - claims 185# Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 186# Scott Island (never inhabited) 187# 188# year-round base 189# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 190# 191# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 192# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 193Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 194Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 195Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 196Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 197Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 198Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 199Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 200Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 201Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 202 203# Norway - territories 204# Bouvet (never inhabited) 205# 206# claims 207# Peter I Island (never inhabited) 208 209# Poland - year-round base 210# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 211 212# Russia - year-round bases 213# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 214# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 215# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551, 216# year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 217# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, 218# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 219 220# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 221# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP"> 222# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>: 223# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same 224# time as Moscow, Russia. 225# 226# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): 227# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is 228# what they had to say about time there: 229# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) 230# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was 231# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead 232# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The 233# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.'' 234# 235# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): 236# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it 237# in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local 238# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this 239# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean 240# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks 241# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time 242# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6. 243# 244Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 245 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time 246 247# S Africa - year-round bases 248# Marion Island, -4653+03752 249# Sanae, -7141-00250 250 251# UK 252# 253# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 254# South Orkney Islands 255# scientific station from 1903 256# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 257# South Shetland Islands 258# 259# year-round bases 260# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 261# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, 262# scientific station 1943/1967, 263# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, 264# and a garrison was deployed briefly 265# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 266# Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated 267# so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. 268# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 269# 270# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22) 271# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year. 272# 273# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 274Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1 275 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time 276 277# Uruguay - year round base 278# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 279 280# USA - year-round bases 281# 282# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 283# 284# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06): 285# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 286# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 287# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 288# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 289# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 290# 291# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 292Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965 293 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 294 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 295 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 296# 297# 298# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 299# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 300Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956 301 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 302# 303# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 304# 305# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 306# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 307# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 308# 309# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27): 310# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 311# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 312# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 313# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 314# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 315# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 316# 317# From Susan Smith 318# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 319# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 320# We use the same time as McMurdo does. 321# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 322# One last quirk about South Pole time. 323# All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 324# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 325# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 326# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 327# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 328# 329Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole 330