1# <pre> 2# @(#)africa 8.21 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 9 10# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 11# 12# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 13# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 14# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 15# 16# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 17# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 20# of the IATA's data after 1990. 21# 22# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 23# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 24# 25# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27# I found in the UCLA library. 28# 29# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 30# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 31# 32# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 33# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 34# but Mark R V Murray reports that 35# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 36# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 37# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 38# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''. 39# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference. 40# 41# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 42# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 43# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 44# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 45# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 46# 47# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 48# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 49# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 50# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 51# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 52# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 53# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 54# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 55# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 56# until we get more information. 57# 58# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 59# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 60# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 61# 2:44:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 62# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 63# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 64# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 65# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 66 67# Algeria 68# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 69Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 70Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 71Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 72Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 74Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 75Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 76Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 77Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 78Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 79Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 80Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 81Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 82Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 83Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 84Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 85Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 86Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 87Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 88Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 89Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 90Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 91# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 92# more precise 0:09:21. 93# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 94Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 95 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 96 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 97 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 98 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 99 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 100 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 101 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 102 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 103 1:00 - CET 104 105# Angola 106# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 107Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 108 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time 109 1:00 - WAT 110 111# Benin 112# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; 113# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 114# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 115Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 116 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 117 1:00 - WAT 118 119# Botswana 120# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 121Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 122 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 123 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 124 2:00 - CAT 125 126# Burkina Faso 127# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 128Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 129 0:00 - GMT 130 131# Burundi 132# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 133Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 134 2:00 - CAT 135 136# Cameroon 137# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 138# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 139Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 140 1:00 - WAT 141 142# Cape Verde 143# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 144Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 145 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 146 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 147 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 148 -1:00 - CVT 149 150# Central African Republic 151# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 152Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 153 1:00 - WAT 154 155# Chad 156# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 157Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 158 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 159 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 160 1:00 - WAT 161 162# Comoros 163# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 164Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 165 3:00 - EAT 166 167# Democratic Republic of Congo 168# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 169Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 170 1:00 - WAT 171Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 172 2:00 - CAT 173 174# Republic of the Congo 175# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 176Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 177 1:00 - WAT 178 179# Cote D'Ivoire 180# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 181Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 182 0:00 - GMT 183 184# Djibouti 185# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 186Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 187 3:00 - EAT 188 189############################################################################### 190 191# Egypt 192 193# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 194Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 195Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 196Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 197Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 198Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 199Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 200Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 201Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 202Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 203Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 204Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 205Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 206Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 207Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 208Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 209Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 210Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 211Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 212Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 213# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 214# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 215Rule Egypt 1995 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 216Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - 217# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 218# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 219# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 220# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 221# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 222Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 - 223# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 224# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 225# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 226# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 227# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 228# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 229# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 230# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 231Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 23:00s 0 - 232# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 233# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 234# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 235# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 236# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 237# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 238# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 239# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 240# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 241 242# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 243# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 244# 245# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 246# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 247# Apr 23 248# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 249# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 250# Apr 24 251# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 252# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 253# Aug 27 254# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 255# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 256# Aug 27 257# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 258# 259# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 260# :59) 261# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 262# 263# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 264# 265# [1] <a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263"> 266# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 267# </a> 268# [2] <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53"> 269# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 270# </a> 271# [3] <a href="http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/"> 272# http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 273# </a> 274 275# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 276# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 277# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 278# in September. 279Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 23:00s 0 - 280Rule Egypt 2009 max - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - 281 282# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 283Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct 284 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 285 286# Equatorial Guinea 287# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 288Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 289 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 290 1:00 - WAT 291 292# Eritrea 293# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 294Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 295 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 296 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 297 3:00 - EAT 298 299# Ethiopia 300# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 301# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones 302# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890. 303# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera. 304# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 305Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 306 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 307 3:00 - EAT 308 309# Gabon 310# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 311Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 312 1:00 - WAT 313 314# Gambia 315# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 316Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 317 -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time 318 -1:00 - WAT 1964 319 0:00 - GMT 320 321# Ghana 322# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 323# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; 324# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 325Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 326Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 327# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 328Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 329 0:00 Ghana %s 330 331# Guinea 332# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 333Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 334 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 335 -1:00 - WAT 1960 336 0:00 - GMT 337 338# Guinea-Bissau 339# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 340Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26 341 -1:00 - WAT 1975 342 0:00 - GMT 343 344# Kenya 345# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 346Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 347 3:00 - EAT 1930 348 2:30 - BEAT 1940 349 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1960 350 3:00 - EAT 351 352# Lesotho 353# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 354Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 355 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 356 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 357 2:00 - SAST 358 359# Liberia 360# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 361# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 362# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 363# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 364# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 365# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 366# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 367# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 368# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 369Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 370 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 371 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 372 0:00 - GMT 373 374############################################################################### 375 376# Libya 377 378# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 379Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 380Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 381Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 382Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 383Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 384Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 385Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 386Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 387Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 388Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 389Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 390Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 391Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 392# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 393Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 394 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 395 2:00 - EET 1982 396 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 397# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 398# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors. 399 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 400 1:00 - CET 1997 Apr 4 401 1:00 1:00 CEST 1997 Oct 4 402 2:00 - EET 403 404# Madagascar 405# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 406Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 407 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 408 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 409 3:00 - EAT 410 411# Malawi 412# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 413Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 414 2:00 - CAT 415 416# Mali 417# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 418Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 419 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 420 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20 421 0:00 - GMT 422 423# Mauritania 424# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 425Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 426 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 427 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28 428 0:00 - GMT 429 430# Mauritius 431 432# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 433# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 434# basis.... 435# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 436# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 437# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 438 439# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 440# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 441 442# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 443# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 444# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 445# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 446 447# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 448# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 449 450# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 451# According to 452# <a href="http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216"> 453# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 454# </a> 455# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 456# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 457# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 458# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 459# 460# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 461# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 462# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 463# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 464# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 465# changes two days later. 466 467# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 468# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 469# time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 470# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 471# 472# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 473# de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 474# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one. 475# ... 476# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html"> 477# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 478# </a> 479 480# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 481# The Government of Mauritius weblink 482# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD"> 483# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 484# </a> 485# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 486# 487# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 488# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 489# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 490# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 491# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 492# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 493# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 494# year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 495# and end on 29 March 2009. 496 497# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 498# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 499# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 500# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 501# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf"> 502# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 503# </a> 504 505# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 506Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 507Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 508Rule Mauritius 2008 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 509Rule Mauritius 2009 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 510# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 511Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 512 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 513# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 514# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 515 516# Mayotte 517# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 518Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 519 3:00 - EAT 520 521# Morocco 522# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 523 524# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 525# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 526# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 527# 528# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 529# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 530# Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 531# 532# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html"> 533# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 534# </a> 535# OR 536# <a href="http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html"> 537# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 538# </a> 539 540# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 541# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse: 542# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view"> 543# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 544# </a> 545# 546# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 547# spokesman. 548 549# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 550# According to this article: 551# <a href="http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html"> 552# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 553# </a> 554# (and republished here: 555# <a href="http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html"> 556# http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html 557# </a> 558# ) 559# the changes occurs at midnight: 560# 561# saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be 562# intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday) 563# sunday night the 28th at midnight 564# 565# Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 566# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and 567# monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 568# june1st to sept 27th. 569# 570# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 571# published on the web. 572# 573# It's also confirmed here: 574# <a href="http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm"> 575# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 576# </a> 577# on a government portal as being between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet 578# posted in english). 579# 580# The following google query will generate many relevant hits: 581# <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search"> 582# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 583# </a> 584 585# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 586# Is Western Sahara (part which administrated by Morocco) going to follow 587# Morocco DST changes? Any information? What about other part of 588# Western Sahara - under administration of POLISARIO Front (also named 589# SADR Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic)? 590 591# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-09): 592# XXX--guess that it is only Morocco for now; guess only 2008 for now. 593 594# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 595# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 596# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 597# of September: 598# 599# One article about it (in French): 600# <a href="http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default"> 601# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 602# </a> 603# 604# We have some further details posted here: 605# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html"> 606# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 607# </a> 608 609# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 610# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 611# to many sources, such as 612# <a href="http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html"> 613# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 614# </a> 615# <a href="http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312"> 616# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 617# </a> 618# (French) 619# 620# Our summary: 621# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html"> 622# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 623# </a> 624 625# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 626# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 627# Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 628# 629# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967) 630# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 631# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 632# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 633# 634# <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf"> 635# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 636# </a> 637# 638# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html"> 639# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 640# </a> 641 642# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 643 644Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 645Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 646Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 647Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 648Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 649Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 650Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 651Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 652Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 653Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 654Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 655Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 656Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 657Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 658Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 659Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 660Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 661Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 662Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 663# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 664Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 665 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 666 1:00 - CET 1986 667 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 668# Western Sahara 669Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan 670 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 671 0:00 - WET 672 673# Mozambique 674# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 675Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 676 2:00 - CAT 677 678# Namibia 679# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 680# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 681 682# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in 683# <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>: 684# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 685# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 686# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 687# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 688# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 689# of the country. 690# 691# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 692# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 693# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 694 695# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 696Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 697Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 698# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 699Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 700 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 701 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 702 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 703 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 704 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 705 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 706 707# Niger 708# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 709Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 710 -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 711 0:00 - GMT 1960 712 1:00 - WAT 713 714# Nigeria 715# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 716Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 717 1:00 - WAT 718 719# Reunion 720# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 721Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 722 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time 723# 724# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows. 725# The following information about them is taken from 726# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French; 727# no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 728# We have no info about their time zone histories. 729# 730# Bassas da India - uninhabited 731# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 732# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 733# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 734# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 735 736# Rwanda 737# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 738Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 739 2:00 - CAT 740 741# St Helena 742# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 743Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 744 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 745 0:00 - GMT 746# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 747# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 748# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA 749# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 750# on GMT, says the CIA 751# Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT 752 753# Sao Tome and Principe 754# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 755Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 756 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time 757 0:00 - GMT 758 759# Senegal 760# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 761Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 762 -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun 763 0:00 - GMT 764 765# Seychelles 766# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 767Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 768 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 769# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 770# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 771# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 772# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 773# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 774# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 775 776# Sierra Leone 777# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 778# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 779Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST 780Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT 781Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST 782Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT 783# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 784Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 785 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time 786 -1:00 SL %s 1957 787 0:00 SL %s 788 789# Somalia 790# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 791Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 792 3:00 - EAT 1931 793 2:30 - BEAT 1957 794 3:00 - EAT 795 796# South Africa 797# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 798Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 799Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 800# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 801Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 802 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 803 2:00 SA SAST 804# Marion and Prince Edward Is 805# scientific station since 1947 806# no information 807 808# Sudan 809# 810# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html"> 811# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13) 812# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 813# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 814# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 815# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 816# 817# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 818Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 819Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 820Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 821Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 822# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 823Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 824 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 825 3:00 - EAT 826 827# Swaziland 828# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 829Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 830 2:00 - SAST 831 832# Tanzania 833# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 834Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 835 3:00 - EAT 1948 836 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1961 837 3:00 - EAT 838 839# Togo 840# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 841Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 842 0:00 - GMT 843 844# Tunisia 845 846# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 847# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 848# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 849# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 850# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 851# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 852# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 853# Saturday." (My translation) 854# 855# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 856# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ... 857# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html> 858# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 859# 1h standard time. 860# 861# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 862# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 863# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 864# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 865# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 866 867# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 868# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 869# (Arabic) 870# <a href="http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546"> 871# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 872# </a> 873# <a href="http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp"> 874# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 875# </a> 876# 877# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 878# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 879# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html"> 880# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 881# </a> 882 883# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 884# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 885# 886# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 887# 888# (in English) 889# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157"> 890# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 891# </a> 892# 893# (in Arabic) 894# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1"> 895# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 896# </a> 897 898# From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18): 899# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact 900# that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time. 901# Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long." 902# So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 903 904# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 905Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 906Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 907Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 908Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 909Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 910Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 911Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 912Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 913Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 914Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 915Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 916Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 917Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 918Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 919Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 920Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 921Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 922Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 923Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 924Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 925Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 926Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 927Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 928Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 929Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 930Rule Tunisia 2010 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 931Rule Tunisia 2010 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 932# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 933# more precise 0:09:21. 934# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 935# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 936Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 937 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 938 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 939 940# Uganda 941# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 942Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 943 3:00 - EAT 1930 944 2:30 - BEAT 1948 945 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1957 946 3:00 - EAT 947 948# Zambia 949# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 950Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 951 2:00 - CAT 952 953# Zimbabwe 954# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 955Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 956 2:00 - CAT 957